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During this time, your child is becoming increasingly more mobile, and aware of herself and her surroundings. Her desire to explore new objects and people is also increasing. During this stage, your toddler will show greater independence, begin to show defiant behavior, recognize herself in pictures or a mirror, and imitate the behavior of others, especially adults and older children. Your toddler will also be able to recognize names of familiar people and objects, form simple phrases and sentences, and follow simple instructions and directions.
Patterns of Development
unlimited energy
independence
motor explorer
speech labeling
a short attention span
sensory motivated
solitary play
eats small meals
fussy appetite
starting a cup
eats finger foods independently plus beginning spoon
taking off simple clothing
naps
Language Development
- Points to a few body parts when asked.
- Follows simple commands and understands simple questions ("Roll the ball," "Kiss the baby," "Where's your shoe?").
- Listens to simple stories, songs, and rhymes.
- Points to pictures in a book when named.
- Says more words every month.
- Uses some 1-2 word questions ("Where kitty?" "Go bye-bye?" "What's that?").
- Puts two words together ("more cookie," "no juice," "mommy book").
- Uses many different consonant sounds of the beginning of words
Physical Development
During these 12 months, a child will continue to put on inches as well as pounds, but not as quickly as before. In fact, she will probably only gain
At twelve months a child probably still has all the characteristics of a baby -- a large, round face; short, pudgy arms and legs; and that trademark potbelly. As she becomes more active, this will change. Her newfound mobility will help develop muscle and trim away baby fat. Meanwhile, her arms and legs will gradually lengthen, her face will grow more angular and you'll begin to see definition at the jaw line.
When a toddler first learns to walk, it will be with slow unsteady steps -- and yes, some bumps and bruises along the way. But, by the end of this year, a toddler will not only be walking, but also running, jumping and climbing.
Social and Emotional Development
Over the next year, a toddler will become more and more convinced that she is the center of the universe. She has difficulty understanding that other people have wishes or desires different than her own.
A 1-year-old will begin to participate in simple make-believe games. Her play will mostly involve imitating adult actions such as feeding a doll, talking on the phone or shopping.
One-year-olds do not play together in the traditional sense. Instead they engage in what's called parallel play -- play in which two or more children monitor each other's actions, but do not interact directly. To the casual observer, associative play may not seem social at all. But watch carefully, you'll see that your child closely scrutinizes her playmate's moves and then tries to imitate them.
Even if a child is incapable of more mature social relationships, that doesn't mean she doesn't enjoy the company of her peers. You may not see cooperative play right away, but your child will grow more excited over the prospect of play dates with other children.
A 1-year-old is not developmentally capable of sharing. And this can make play dates a bit tricky. Pinching, grabbing and screeching are an inevitable part of toddler interactions. Children this age require close adult supervision.
Once your child learns to walk, his world expands exponentially. He now has the means to leave your side and explore on his own. This turn of events is both terrifying and exhilarating. And, as a result, you may find this child vacillating between periods of extreme neediness and extreme independence.
A 1-year-old is also hard at work developing a sense of self. Once he truly understands that you and he are separate people, he will begin to claim ownership of certain possessions. Words like "me," "my" and "mine" become common refrains.
A 1-year-old is also becoming more willful. If you tell him not to pull all his clothes out of the drawers, swat the dog or bang on the windows, he may not always comply. This is his way of asserting independence.
Along with a growing sense of self, comes fear of abandonment. Your child depends on you for strength and security. When you disappear, so may his self-confidence. And that's when separation anxiety tends to materialize. This normal developmental stage tends to wax and wane throughout the toddler years, but typically peaks at around 18 months.
- become aware of self
- identify self as an individual
- recognize familiar people and show fear to strangers
- experience and show shame
- recognize and explore faces
- are sensitive and "catch" feelings from adults
- develop a sense of trust in the world
- begin to mimic adult behavior
Typical Challenges
- touches everything
- defiance
- does not understand consequences of behavior
- moves quickly
- Separation Anxiety
Goals
- child proof room
- ensure you have eye contact
- use a firm voice
- use simple language
- redirect
- provide choices- supervise closely
Developmental Delay Warning Signs
These are areas to alert the family to possible developmental delays (Remember that each child develops at her own particular pace; contact your doctor for advice):
- Cannot walk by 18 months of age.
- Fails to develop a mature heel-toe walking pattern after several months of walking, or walks exclusively on her toes.
- Does not speak at least 15 words by 18 months of age.
- Does not use two-word sentences by age two.
- By 15 months of age does not know the function of common household objects (brush, telephone, bell, fork, and spoon).
- Does not imitate actions or words.
- Does not follow simple instructions by age two.
- Cannot push a wheeled toy by age two.
Ideas for Care Givers
- Ask her to find objects for you or name body parts and objects.
- Play matching games with your toddler.
- Encourage her to explore and try new things.
- Help to develop toddler's language by talking with her.
- Encourage toddler's curiosity and ability to recognize common objects by taking field trips together to the park or a bus ride.
- Talk to baby. It is soothing to hear your voice.
- Sing to child
- Play music for child. This helps baby develop a love for music and math.
- Read to child daily. This helps her develop and understand language and sounds.
- Praise child and give her lots of loving attention.
- Spend time cuddling and holding child. This helps her to feel cared for and secure.
Reading
Children of this age can appreciate a simple story, but also like looking at the pictures. Stick with board books that can better withstand a 1-year-olds not-so-gentle touch.
Emptying and filling
One-year-olds are fascinated by the prospect of emptying and filling containers. A milk jug holds a special allure for young explorers because the narrow neck stands in stark contrast to the spacious interior. Try putting small objects such as raisins, Goldfish crackers or Cheerios into the bottle and then let your toddler figure out how to pour them out.
Sorting
Save your junk mail. It now serves a purpose. A toddler will love the challenge of pulling the inserts out of the envelopes and then trying to put them back in again.
Stacking
Building a tower and then knocking it down is not only fun, it's educational. Placing one piece atop the next teaches kids about balance. And, of course, the demolition reinforces the concept of cause-and-effect.
Scribbling
A toddler doesn't have any concept of cubism, impressionism or even paint-by-numbers. But that doesn't mean he won't be thrilled by the prospect of putting pen to paper. Buy a large box of crayons, cover the floor in large sheets of paper and let the toddler experiment with various hand grips.
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